1st lesson out of Traditional Logic I by Memoria Press

Logic:

• Raymond McCall,  says, “Logic is the science of think right.”
• Jacques Maritain,  says, “Logic is the art which enables us to proceed with order, ease, and correctness in he act of reason itself.”
• Irving Copi say, “The distinction between correct and incorrect reasoning is the central problem with which logic deals”

History of Logic:

• Aristotle, Greek philosopher, is the “Father of Logic”
• Chrysippus (279-206 B.C.), another Greek philosopher, lad the groundwork for modern symbolic logic

Two Main Branches of Logic:

• Formal or minor logic: form and structure of an argument ( or initial focus will be here)
• Material or major logic: content of the an argument

Terms:

Statement, from Webster’s dictionary:

1. a single declaration or remark
2. a report of fact or opinion

The terms logical and illogical are not to be used in statements or arguments.

Truth: the correspondence of a statement to reality

Statements: are true or false

Validity: Arguments are said to be valid or invalid

Argument can have true statements and still be invalid.

Arguments can be valid but contain false statements or premises.

Components of an Argument:

• premises
• conclusion